Why ping 127.0.0.1 Why ping localhost the loopback address

 

   Why we ping 127.0.0.1 the loopback IP address or ping localhost?  The ping command usually use to test network connection between hosts, sometimes we use the ping command to ping 127.0.0.1 or ping localhost to test the loopback address and verify the localhost network connection function properly... make note that when we ping 127.0.0.1 or ping localhost.. we only test and verify the loopback network interface connection (network loopback software setup)... but not the local network interface hardware itself (bypass the local network interface hardware). 

 

Ping 127.0.0.1  loopback address:

[root@fedora ~]# ping 127.0.0.1

PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.00 ms

64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.262 ms

64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.178 ms

64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms

64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.161 ms

64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.181 ms

^C

--- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics ---

6 packets transmitted, 6 received, 0% packet loss, time 5658ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.161/0.324/1.000/0.304 ms

[root@fedora ~]#

 

To stop ping command (terminate ping process), press Ctrl + c key...

 

Ping localhost loopback address:

[root@fedora ~]# ping localhost

PING fedora.linux.com (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from fedora.linux.com (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.398 ms

64 bytes from fedora.linux.com (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.136 ms

64 bytes from fedora.linux.com (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.135 ms

64 bytes from fedora.linux.com (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.132 ms

64 bytes from fedora.linux.com (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.153 ms

64 bytes from fedora.linux.com (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.136 ms

64 bytes from fedora.linux.com (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.134 ms

^C

--- fedora.linux.com ping statistics ---

7 packets transmitted, 7 received, 0% packet loss, time 6286ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.132/0.174/0.398/0.092 ms

[root@fedora ~]#

 

To stop ping command (terminate ping process), press Ctrl + c key...

read more at wiki...

 

View Linux Kernel Parameters on Linux Fedora 10 using sysctl Command

 

   The example below use the sysctl command to view Linux kernel parameters at runtime on Linux Fedora 10 system.  The output from sysctrl command with -a option display all kernel parameters that currently available on the Linux Fedora 10 system when the sysctl command is executed.  The command example below show the sysctl -a command executed and then the output from the systl command pipe to the less command to make easier to read output from sysctl command.

 

View Linux kernel parameters at runtime:

[root@fedora ~]# sysctl -a | less

[root@fedora ~]# sysctl -a | less kernel.sched_min_granularity_ns = 4000000 kernel.sched_latency_ns = 20000000 kernel.sched_wakeup_granularity_ns = 5000000 kernel.sched_shares_ratelimit = 250000 kernel.sched_child_runs_first = 1 kernel.sched_features = 7807 kernel.sched_migration_cost = 500000 kernel.sched_nr_migrate = 32 kernel.sched_rt_period_us = 1000000 kernel.sched_rt_runtime_us = 950000 kernel.sched_compat_yield = 0 kernel.panic = 0 kernel.exec-shield = 1 kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 kernel.core_pattern = core kernel.tainted = 0 kernel.latencytop = 0 kernel.real-root-dev = 0 kernel.print-fatal-signals = 0 kernel.ctrl-alt-del = 0 kernel.modprobe = /sbin/modprobe kernel.hotplug = kernel.sg-big-buff = 32768 kernel.acct = 4 2 30 kernel.sysrq = 0 kernel.cad_pid = 1 kernel.threads-max = 24576 kernel.random.poolsize = 4096 kernel.random.entropy_avail = 1317 kernel.random.read_wakeup_threshold = 64 kernel.random.write_wakeup_threshold = 128 kernel.random.boot_id = 2c1f4988-6467-46e8-b8c8-1999894a7cca kernel.random.uuid = f4ceaecb-d3b2-446a-82e1-6bc5c17e5c80 kernel.overflowuid = 65534 kernel.overflowgid = 65534 kernel.pid_max = 32768 kernel.panic_on_oops = 0 kernel.printk = 7 4 1 7 kernel.printk_ratelimit = 5 kernel.printk_ratelimit_burst = 10 kernel.ngroups_max = 65536 kernel.unknown_nmi_panic = 0 kernel.nmi_watchdog = 0 kernel.panic_on_unrecovered_nmi = 0 kernel.bootloader_type = 113 kernel.kstack_depth_to_print = 24 kernel.io_delay_type = 0 kernel.randomize_va_space = 2 kernel.acpi_video_flags = 0 kernel.softlockup_panic = 0 kernel.softlockup_thresh = 60 kernel.hung_task_check_count = 1024 kernel.hung_task_timeout_secs = 120 kernel.hung_task_warnings = 10 kernel.max_lock_depth = 1024 kernel.maps_protect = 0 kernel.poweroff_cmd = /sbin/poweroff kernel.keys.maxkeys = 200 kernel.keys.maxbytes = 20000 kernel.keys.root_maxkeys = 200 kernel.keys.root_maxbytes = 20000 kernel.sched_domain.cpu0.domain0.min_interval = 1 kernel.sched_domain.cpu0.domain0.max_interval = 4 kernel.sched_domain.cpu0.domain0.busy_idx = 2 kernel.sched_domain.cpu0.domain0.idle_idx = 1 kernel.sched_domain.cpu0.domain0.newidle_idx = 2 kernel.sched_domain.cpu0.domain0.wake_idx = 1 kernel.sched_domain.cpu0.domain0.forkexec_idx = 1 kernel.sched_domain.cpu0.domain0.busy_factor = 64 kernel.sched_domain.cpu0.domain0.imbalance_pct = 125 kernel.sched_domain.cpu0.domain0.cache_nice_tries = 1 kernel.sched_domain.cpu0.domain0.flags = 47 kernel.ostype = Linux kernel.osrelease = 2.6.27.5-117.fc10.i686 kernel.version = #1 SMP Tue Nov 18 12:19:59 EST 2008 kernel.hostname = fedora.linux.com kernel.domainname = (none) kernel.shmmax = 33554432 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.msgmax = 8192 kernel.msgmni = 1511 kernel.msgmnb = 16384 kernel.sem = 250 32000 32 128 kernel.auto_msgmni = 1 kernel.pty.max = 4096 kernel.pty.nr = 2 vm.overcommit_memory = 0 vm.panic_on_oom = 0 vm.oom_kill_allocating_task = 0 vm.oom_dump_tasks = 0 vm.would_have_oomkilled = 0 vm.overcommit_ratio = 50 vm.page-cluster = 3 vm.dirty_background_ratio = 5 vm.dirty_ratio = 10 vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs = 499 vm.dirty_expire_centisecs = 2999 vm.nr_pdflush_threads = 2 vm.swappiness = 60 vm.nr_hugepages = 0 vm.hugetlb_shm_group = 0 vm.hugepages_treat_as_movable = 0 vm.nr_overcommit_hugepages = 0 vm.lowmem_reserve_ratio = 256 32 32 vm.drop_caches = 0 vm.min_free_kbytes = 3532 vm.percpu_pagelist_fraction = 0 vm.max_map_count = 65536 vm.laptop_mode = 0 vm.block_dump = 0 vm.vfs_cache_pressure = 100 vm.legacy_va_layout = 0 vm.stat_interval = 1 vm.mmap_min_addr = 65536 vm.vdso_enabled = 1 vm.highmem_is_dirtyable = 0 fs.inode-nr = 15713 215 fs.inode-state = 15713 215 0 0 0 0 0 fs.file-nr = 5504 0 76047 fs.file-max = 76047 fs.nr_open = 1048576 fs.dentry-state = 26550 21591 45 0 0 0 fs.overflowuid = 65534 fs.overflowgid = 65534 fs.leases-enable = 1 fs.dir-notify-enable = 1 fs.lease-break-time = 45 fs.aio-nr = 0 fs.aio-max-nr = 65536 fs.inotify.max_user_instances = 128 fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 8192 fs.inotify.max_queued_events = 16384 fs.suid_dumpable = 0 fs.binfmt_misc.status = enabledfs.quota.lookups = 0 fs.quota.drops = 0 fs.quota.reads = 0 fs.quota.writes = 0 fs.quota.cache_hits = 0 fs.quota.allocated_dquots = 0 fs.quota.free_dquots = 0 fs.quota.syncs = 16 fs.mqueue.queues_max = 256 fs.mqueue.msg_max = 10 fs.mqueue.msgsize_max = 8192 debug.exception-trace = 1 dev.scsi.logging_level = 0 dev.raid.speed_limit_min = 1000 dev.raid.speed_limit_max = 200000 dev.hpet.max-user-freq = 64 dev.mac_hid.mouse_button_emulation = 0 dev.mac_hid.mouse_button2_keycode = 97 dev.mac_hid.mouse_button3_keycode = 100 dev.cdrom.info = CD-ROM information, Id: cdrom.c 3.20 2003/12/17 dev.cdrom.info = dev.cdrom.info = drive name: sr0 dev.cdrom.info = drive speed: 1 dev.cdrom.info = drive # of slots: 1 dev.cdrom.info = Can close tray: 1 dev.cdrom.info = Can open tray: 1 dev.cdrom.info = Can lock tray: 1 dev.cdrom.info = Can change speed: 1 dev.cdrom.info = Can select disk: 0 dev.cdrom.info = Can read multisession: 1 dev.cdrom.info = Can read MCN: 1 dev.cdrom.info = Reports media changed: 1 dev.cdrom.info = Can play audio: 1 dev.cdrom.info = Can write CD-R: 0 dev.cdrom.info = Can write CD-RW: 0 dev.cdrom.info = Can read DVD: 0 dev.cdrom.info = Can write DVD-R: 0 dev.cdrom.info = Can write DVD-RAM: 0 dev.cdrom.info = Can read MRW: 0 dev.cdrom.info = Can write MRW: 0 dev.cdrom.info = Can write RAM: 0 dev.cdrom.info = dev.cdrom.info = dev.cdrom.autoclose = 1 dev.cdrom.autoeject = 0 dev.cdrom.debug = 0 dev.cdrom.lock = 1 dev.cdrom.check_media = 0 dev.parport.default.timeslice = 200 dev.parport.default.spintime = 500 dev.parport.parport0.spintime = 500 dev.parport.parport0.base-addr = 888 0 dev.parport.parport0.irq = 7 dev.parport.parport0.dma = -1 dev.parport.parport0.modes = PCSPP,TRISTATE dev.parport.parport0.devices.active = none net.ipv4.route.gc_thresh = 32768 net.ipv4.route.max_size = 524288 net.ipv4.route.gc_min_interval = 0 net.ipv4.route.gc_min_interval_ms = 500 net.ipv4.route.gc_timeout = 300 net.ipv4.route.gc_interval = 60 net.ipv4.route.redirect_load = 20 net.ipv4.route.redirect_number = 9 net.ipv4.route.redirect_silence = 20480 net.ipv4.route.error_cost = 1000 net.ipv4.route.error_burst = 5000 net.ipv4.route.gc_elasticity = 8 net.ipv4.route.mtu_expires = 600 net.ipv4.route.min_pmtu = 552 net.ipv4.route.min_adv_mss = 256 net.ipv4.route.secret_interval = 600 net.ipv4.neigh.default.mcast_solicit = 3 net.ipv4.neigh.default.ucast_solicit = 3 net.ipv4.neigh.default.app_solicit = 0 net.ipv4.neigh.default.retrans_time = 99 net.ipv4.neigh.default.base_reachable_time = 30 net.ipv4.neigh.default.delay_first_probe_time = 5 net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_stale_time = 60 net.ipv4.neigh.default.unres_qlen = 3 net.ipv4.neigh.default.proxy_qlen = 64 net.ipv4.neigh.default.anycast_delay = 99 net.ipv4.neigh.default.proxy_delay = 79 net.ipv4.neigh.default.locktime = 99 net.ipv4.neigh.default.retrans_time_ms = 1000 net.ipv4.neigh.default.base_reachable_time_ms = 30000 net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_interval = 30 net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh1 = 128 net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh2 = 512 net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh3 = 1024 net.ipv4.neigh.lo.mcast_solicit = 3 net.ipv4.neigh.lo.ucast_solicit = 3 net.ipv4.neigh.lo.app_solicit = 0 net.ipv4.neigh.lo.retrans_time = 99 net.ipv4.neigh.lo.base_reachable_time = 30 net.ipv4.neigh.lo.delay_first_probe_time = 5 net.ipv4.neigh.lo.gc_stale_time = 60 net.ipv4.neigh.lo.unres_qlen = 3 net.ipv4.neigh.lo.proxy_qlen = 64 net.ipv4.neigh.lo.anycast_delay = 99 net.ipv4.neigh.lo.proxy_delay = 79 net.ipv4.neigh.lo.locktime = 99 net.ipv4.neigh.lo.retrans_time_ms = 1000 net.ipv4.neigh.lo.base_reachable_time_ms = 30000 net.ipv4.neigh.eth1.mcast_solicit = 3 net.ipv4.neigh.eth1.ucast_solicit = 3 net.ipv4.neigh.eth1.app_solicit = 0 net.ipv4.neigh.eth1.retrans_time = 99 net.ipv4.neigh.eth1.base_reachable_time = 30 net.ipv4.neigh.eth1.delay_first_probe_time = 5 net.ipv4.neigh.eth1.gc_stale_time = 60 net.ipv4.neigh.eth1.unres_qlen = 3 net.ipv4.neigh.eth1.proxy_qlen = 64 net.ipv4.neigh.eth1.anycast_delay = 99 net.ipv4.neigh.eth1.proxy_delay = 79 net.ipv4.neigh.eth1.locktime = 99 net.ipv4.neigh.eth1.retrans_time_ms = 1000 net.ipv4.neigh.eth1.base_reachable_time_ms = 30000 net.ipv4.neigh.pan0.mcast_solicit = 3 net.ipv4.neigh.pan0.ucast_solicit = 3 net.ipv4.neigh.pan0.app_solicit = 0 net.ipv4.neigh.pan0.retrans_time = 99 net.ipv4.neigh.pan0.base_reachable_time = 30 net.ipv4.neigh.pan0.delay_first_probe_time = 5 net.ipv4.neigh.pan0.gc_stale_time = 60 net.ipv4.neigh.pan0.unres_qlen = 3 net.ipv4.neigh.pan0.proxy_qlen = 64 net.ipv4.neigh.pan0.anycast_delay = 99 net.ipv4.neigh.pan0.proxy_delay = 79 net.ipv4.neigh.pan0.locktime = 99 net.ipv4.neigh.pan0.retrans_time_ms = 1000 net.ipv4.neigh.pan0.base_reachable_time_ms = 30000 net.ipv4.neigh.virbr0.mcast_solicit = 3 net.ipv4.neigh.virbr0.ucast_solicit = 3 net.ipv4.neigh.virbr0.app_solicit = 0 net.ipv4.neigh.virbr0.retrans_time = 99 net.ipv4.neigh.virbr0.base_reachable_time = 30 net.ipv4.neigh.virbr0.delay_first_probe_time = 5 net.ipv4.neigh.virbr0.gc_stale_time = 60 net.ipv4.neigh.virbr0.unres_qlen = 3 net.ipv4.neigh.virbr0.proxy_qlen = 64 net.ipv4.neigh.virbr0.anycast_delay = 99 net.ipv4.neigh.virbr0.proxy_delay = 79 net.ipv4.neigh.virbr0.locktime = 99 net.ipv4.neigh.virbr0.retrans_time_ms = 1000 net.ipv4.neigh.virbr0.base_reachable_time_ms = 30000 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_retrans_collapse = 1 net.ipv4.ip_default_ttl = 64 net.ipv4.ip_no_pmtu_disc = 0 net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 5 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 5 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 32768 net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 180000 net.ipv4.ip_dynaddr = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 7200 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 9 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 75 net.ipv4.tcp_retries1 = 3 net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 = 15 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 60 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_abort_on_overflow = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_stdurg = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_rfc1337 = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 1024 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768 61000 net.ipv4.igmp_max_memberships = 20 net.ipv4.igmp_max_msf = 10 net.ipv4.inet_peer_threshold = 65664 net.ipv4.inet_peer_minttl = 120 net.ipv4.inet_peer_maxttl = 600 net.ipv4.inet_peer_gc_mintime = 10 net.ipv4.inet_peer_gc_maxtime = 120 net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_fack = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_reordering = 3 net.ipv4.tcp_ecn = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_dsack = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 72096 96128 144192 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096net.ipv4.tcp_app_win = 31 net.ipv4.tcp_adv_win_scale = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_frto = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_frto_response = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_low_latency = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_no_metrics_save = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_moderate_rcvbuf = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tso_win_divisor = 3 net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = cubic net.ipv4.tcp_abc = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_mtu_probing = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_base_mss = 512 net.ipv4.tcp_workaround_signed_windows = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_dma_copybreak = 4096 net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idle = 1 net.ipv4.cipso_cache_enable = 1 net.ipv4.cipso_cache_bucket_size = 10 net.ipv4.cipso_rbm_optfmt = 0 net.ipv4.cipso_rbm_strictvalid = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_available_congestion_control = cubic reno net.ipv4.tcp_allowed_congestion_control = cubic reno net.ipv4.tcp_max_ssthresh = 0 net.ipv4.udp_mem = 73056 97408 146112 net.ipv4.udp_rmem_min = 4096 net.ipv4.udp_wmem_min = 4096 net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.mc_forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.shared_media = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.proxy_arp = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.medium_id = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.bootp_relay = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.tag = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_accept = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.disable_xfrm = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.disable_policy = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.force_igmp_version = 0 net.ipv4.conf.all.promote_secondaries = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.mc_forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.shared_media = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.proxy_arp = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.medium_id = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.bootp_relay = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.tag = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_filter = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_ignore = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_accept = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.disable_xfrm = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.disable_policy = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.force_igmp_version = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.promote_secondaries = 0 net.ipv4.conf.lo.forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.conf.lo.mc_forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.lo.secure_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.lo.shared_media = 1 net.ipv4.conf.lo.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.lo.send_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv4.conf.lo.proxy_arp = 0 net.ipv4.conf.lo.medium_id = 0 net.ipv4.conf.lo.bootp_relay = 0 net.ipv4.conf.lo.log_martians = 0 net.ipv4.conf.lo.tag = 0 net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_filter = 0 net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 0 net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore = 0 net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_accept = 0 net.ipv4.conf.lo.disable_xfrm = 1 net.ipv4.conf.lo.disable_policy = 1 net.ipv4.conf.lo.force_igmp_version = 0 net.ipv4.conf.lo.promote_secondaries = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.mc_forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.accept_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.secure_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.shared_media = 1 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.send_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.proxy_arp = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.medium_id = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.bootp_relay = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.log_martians = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.tag = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.arp_filter = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.arp_announce = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.arp_ignore = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.arp_accept = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.disable_xfrm = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.disable_policy = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.force_igmp_version = 0 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.promote_secondaries = 0 net.ipv4.conf.pan0.forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.conf.pan0.mc_forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.conf.pan0.accept_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.pan0.secure_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.pan0.shared_media = 1 net.ipv4.conf.pan0.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.pan0.send_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.pan0.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv4.conf.pan0.proxy_arp = 0 net.ipv4.conf.pan0.medium_id = 0 net.ipv4.conf.pan0.bootp_relay = 0 net.ipv4.conf.pan0.log_martians = 0 net.ipv4.conf.pan0.tag = 0 net.ipv4.conf.pan0.arp_filter = 0 net.ipv4.conf.pan0.arp_announce = 0 net.ipv4.conf.pan0.arp_ignore = 0 net.ipv4.conf.pan0.arp_accept = 0 net.ipv4.conf.pan0.disable_xfrm = 0 net.ipv4.conf.pan0.disable_policy = 0 net.ipv4.conf.pan0.force_igmp_version = 0 net.ipv4.conf.pan0.promote_secondaries = 0 net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.mc_forwarding = 0 net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.accept_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.secure_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.shared_media = 1 net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.rp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.send_redirects = 1 net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.proxy_arp = 0 net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.medium_id = 0 net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.bootp_relay = 0 net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.log_martians = 0 net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.tag = 0 net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.arp_filter = 0 net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.arp_announce = 0 net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.arp_ignore = 0 net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.arp_accept = 0 net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.disable_xfrm = 0 net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.disable_policy = 0 net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.force_igmp_version = 0 net.ipv4.conf.virbr0.promote_secondaries = 0 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.ipfrag_high_thresh = 262144 net.ipv4.ipfrag_low_thresh = 196608 net.ipv4.ipfrag_time = 30 net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 0 net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1 net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1 net.ipv4.icmp_errors_use_inbound_ifaddr = 0 net.ipv4.icmp_ratelimit = 1000 net.ipv4.icmp_ratemask = 6168 net.ipv4.ipfrag_secret_interval = 600 net.ipv4.ipfrag_max_dist = 64 net.token-ring.rif_timeout = 600000 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_generic_timeout = 600 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_acct = 1 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 49152 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_count = 6 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_buckets = 12288 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_checksum = 1 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_log_invalid = 0 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_expect_max = 192 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_syn_sent = 120 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_syn_recv = 60 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 432000 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_last_ack = 30 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 120 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close = 10 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_max_retrans = 300 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_unacknowledged = 300 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_loose = 1 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_be_liberal = 0 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_max_retrans = 3 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_udp_timeout = 30 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_udp_timeout_stream = 180 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_icmp_timeout = 30 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_icmpv6_timeout = 30 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_frag6_timeout = 60 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_frag6_low_thresh = 196608 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_frag6_high_thresh = 262144 net.nf_conntrack_max = 49152 net.ipv6.neigh.default.mcast_solicit = 3 net.ipv6.neigh.default.ucast_solicit = 3 net.ipv6.neigh.default.app_solicit = 0 net.ipv6.neigh.default.delay_first_probe_time = 5 net.ipv6.neigh.default.gc_stale_time = 60 net.ipv6.neigh.default.unres_qlen = 3 net.ipv6.neigh.default.proxy_qlen = 64 net.ipv6.neigh.default.anycast_delay = 99 net.ipv6.neigh.default.proxy_delay = 79 net.ipv6.neigh.default.locktime = 0 net.ipv6.neigh.default.retrans_time_ms = 1000 net.ipv6.neigh.default.base_reachable_time_ms = 30000 net.ipv6.neigh.default.gc_interval = 30 net.ipv6.neigh.default.gc_thresh1 = 128 net.ipv6.neigh.default.gc_thresh2 = 512 net.ipv6.neigh.default.gc_thresh3 = 1024 net.ipv6.neigh.lo.mcast_solicit = 3 net.ipv6.neigh.lo.ucast_solicit = 3 net.ipv6.neigh.lo.app_solicit = 0 net.ipv6.neigh.lo.delay_first_probe_time = 5 net.ipv6.neigh.lo.gc_stale_time = 60 net.ipv6.neigh.lo.unres_qlen = 3 net.ipv6.neigh.lo.proxy_qlen = 64 net.ipv6.neigh.lo.anycast_delay = 99 net.ipv6.neigh.lo.proxy_delay = 79 net.ipv6.neigh.lo.locktime = 0 net.ipv6.neigh.lo.retrans_time_ms = 1000 net.ipv6.neigh.lo.base_reachable_time_ms = 30000 net.ipv6.neigh.eth1.mcast_solicit = 3 net.ipv6.neigh.eth1.ucast_solicit = 3 net.ipv6.neigh.eth1.app_solicit = 0 net.ipv6.neigh.eth1.delay_first_probe_time = 5 net.ipv6.neigh.eth1.gc_stale_time = 60 net.ipv6.neigh.eth1.unres_qlen = 3 net.ipv6.neigh.eth1.proxy_qlen = 64 net.ipv6.neigh.eth1.anycast_delay = 99 net.ipv6.neigh.eth1.proxy_delay = 79 net.ipv6.neigh.eth1.locktime = 0 net.ipv6.neigh.eth1.retrans_time_ms = 1000 net.ipv6.neigh.eth1.base_reachable_time_ms = 30000 net.ipv6.neigh.pan0.mcast_solicit = 3 net.ipv6.neigh.pan0.ucast_solicit = 3 net.ipv6.neigh.pan0.app_solicit = 0 net.ipv6.neigh.pan0.delay_first_probe_time = 5 net.ipv6.neigh.pan0.gc_stale_time = 60 net.ipv6.neigh.pan0.unres_qlen = 3 net.ipv6.neigh.pan0.proxy_qlen = 64 net.ipv6.neigh.pan0.anycast_delay = 99 net.ipv6.neigh.pan0.proxy_delay = 79 net.ipv6.neigh.pan0.locktime = 0 net.ipv6.neigh.pan0.retrans_time_ms = 1000 net.ipv6.neigh.pan0.base_reachable_time_ms = 30000 net.ipv6.neigh.virbr0.mcast_solicit = 3 net.ipv6.neigh.virbr0.ucast_solicit = 3 net.ipv6.neigh.virbr0.app_solicit = 0 net.ipv6.neigh.virbr0.delay_first_probe_time = 5 net.ipv6.neigh.virbr0.gc_stale_time = 60 net.ipv6.neigh.virbr0.unres_qlen = 3 net.ipv6.neigh.virbr0.proxy_qlen = 64 net.ipv6.neigh.virbr0.anycast_delay = 99 net.ipv6.neigh.virbr0.proxy_delay = 79 net.ipv6.neigh.virbr0.locktime = 0 net.ipv6.neigh.virbr0.retrans_time_ms = 1000 net.ipv6.neigh.virbr0.base_reachable_time_ms = 30000 net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 0 net.ipv6.conf.all.hop_limit = 64 net.ipv6.conf.all.mtu = 1280 net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra = 1 net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 1 net.ipv6.conf.all.autoconf = 1 net.ipv6.conf.all.dad_transmits = 1 net.ipv6.conf.all.router_solicitations = 3 net.ipv6.conf.all.router_solicitation_interval = 4 net.ipv6.conf.all.router_solicitation_delay = 1 net.ipv6.conf.all.force_mld_version = 0 net.ipv6.conf.all.use_tempaddr = 0 net.ipv6.conf.all.temp_valid_lft = 604800 net.ipv6.conf.all.temp_prefered_lft = 86400 net.ipv6.conf.all.regen_max_retry = 5 net.ipv6.conf.all.max_desync_factor = 600 net.ipv6.conf.all.max_addresses = 16 net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra_defrtr = 1 net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra_pinfo = 1 net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra_rtr_pref = 1 net.ipv6.conf.all.router_probe_interval = 60 net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra_rt_info_max_plen = 0 net.ipv6.conf.all.proxy_ndp = 0 net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv6.conf.all.optimistic_dad = 0 net.ipv6.conf.all.mc_forwarding = 0 net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 0 net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_dad = 1 net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding = 0 net.ipv6.conf.default.hop_limit = 64 net.ipv6.conf.default.mtu = 1280 net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra = 1 net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects = 1 net.ipv6.conf.default.autoconf = 1 net.ipv6.conf.default.dad_transmits = 1 net.ipv6.conf.default.router_solicitations = 3 net.ipv6.conf.default.router_solicitation_interval = 4 net.ipv6.conf.default.router_solicitation_delay = 1 net.ipv6.conf.default.force_mld_version = 0 net.ipv6.conf.default.use_tempaddr = 0 net.ipv6.conf.default.temp_valid_lft = 604800 net.ipv6.conf.default.temp_prefered_lft = 86400 net.ipv6.conf.default.regen_max_retry = 5 net.ipv6.conf.default.max_desync_factor = 600 net.ipv6.conf.default.max_addresses = 16 net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra_defrtr = 1 net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra_pinfo = 1 net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra_rtr_pref = 1 net.ipv6.conf.default.router_probe_interval = 60 net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra_rt_info_max_plen = 0 net.ipv6.conf.default.proxy_ndp = 0 net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv6.conf.default.optimistic_dad = 0 net.ipv6.conf.default.mc_forwarding = 0 net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 0 net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_dad = 1 net.ipv6.conf.lo.forwarding = 0 net.ipv6.conf.lo.hop_limit = 64 net.ipv6.conf.lo.mtu = 16436 net.ipv6.conf.lo.accept_ra = 1 net.ipv6.conf.lo.accept_redirects = 1 net.ipv6.conf.lo.autoconf = 1 net.ipv6.conf.lo.dad_transmits = 1 net.ipv6.conf.lo.router_solicitations = 3 net.ipv6.conf.lo.router_solicitation_interval = 4 net.ipv6.conf.lo.router_solicitation_delay = 1 net.ipv6.conf.lo.force_mld_version = 0 net.ipv6.conf.lo.use_tempaddr = -1 net.ipv6.conf.lo.temp_valid_lft = 604800 net.ipv6.conf.lo.temp_prefered_lft = 86400 net.ipv6.conf.lo.regen_max_retry = 5 net.ipv6.conf.lo.max_desync_factor = 600 net.ipv6.conf.lo.max_addresses = 16 net.ipv6.conf.lo.accept_ra_defrtr = 1 net.ipv6.conf.lo.accept_ra_pinfo = 1 net.ipv6.conf.lo.accept_ra_rtr_pref = 1 net.ipv6.conf.lo.router_probe_interval = 60 net.ipv6.conf.lo.accept_ra_rt_info_max_plen = 0 net.ipv6.conf.lo.proxy_ndp = 0 net.ipv6.conf.lo.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv6.conf.lo.optimistic_dad = 0 net.ipv6.conf.lo.mc_forwarding = 0 net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 0 net.ipv6.conf.lo.accept_dad = -1 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.forwarding = 0 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.hop_limit = 64 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.mtu = 1500 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.accept_ra = 1 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.accept_redirects = 1 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.autoconf = 1 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.dad_transmits = 1 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.router_solicitations = 3 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.router_solicitation_interval = 4 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.router_solicitation_delay = 1 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.force_mld_version = 0 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.use_tempaddr = 0 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.temp_valid_lft = 604800 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.temp_prefered_lft = 86400 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.regen_max_retry = 5 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.max_desync_factor = 600 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.max_addresses = 16 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.accept_ra_defrtr = 1 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.accept_ra_pinfo = 1 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.accept_ra_rtr_pref = 1 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.router_probe_interval = 60 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.accept_ra_rt_info_max_plen = 0 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.proxy_ndp = 0 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.optimistic_dad = 0 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.mc_forwarding = 0 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.disable_ipv6 = 0 net.ipv6.conf.eth1.accept_dad = 1 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.forwarding = 0 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.hop_limit = 64 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.mtu = 1500 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.accept_ra = 1 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.accept_redirects = 1 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.autoconf = 1 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.dad_transmits = 1 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.router_solicitations = 3 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.router_solicitation_interval = 4 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.router_solicitation_delay = 1 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.force_mld_version = 0 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.use_tempaddr = 0 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.temp_valid_lft = 604800 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.temp_prefered_lft = 86400 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.regen_max_retry = 5 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.max_desync_factor = 600 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.max_addresses = 16 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.accept_ra_defrtr = 1 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.accept_ra_pinfo = 1 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.accept_ra_rtr_pref = 1 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.router_probe_interval = 60 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.accept_ra_rt_info_max_plen = 0 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.proxy_ndp = 0 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.optimistic_dad = 0 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.mc_forwarding = 0 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.disable_ipv6 = 0 net.ipv6.conf.pan0.accept_dad = 1 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.forwarding = 0 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.hop_limit = 64 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.mtu = 1500 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.accept_ra = 1 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.accept_redirects = 1 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.autoconf = 1 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.dad_transmits = 1 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.router_solicitations = 3 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.router_solicitation_interval = 4 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.router_solicitation_delay = 1 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.force_mld_version = 0 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.use_tempaddr = 0 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.temp_valid_lft = 604800 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.temp_prefered_lft = 86400 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.regen_max_retry = 5 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.max_desync_factor = 600 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.max_addresses = 16 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.accept_ra_defrtr = 1 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.accept_ra_pinfo = 1 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.accept_ra_rtr_pref = 1 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.router_probe_interval = 60 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.accept_ra_rt_info_max_plen = 0 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.proxy_ndp = 0 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.optimistic_dad = 0 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.mc_forwarding = 0 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.disable_ipv6 = 0 net.ipv6.conf.virbr0.accept_dad = 1 net.ipv6.ip6frag_high_thresh = 262144 net.ipv6.ip6frag_low_thresh = 196608 net.ipv6.ip6frag_time = 60 net.ipv6.route.gc_thresh = 1024 net.ipv6.route.max_size = 4096 net.ipv6.route.gc_min_interval = 0 net.ipv6.route.gc_timeout = 60 net.ipv6.route.gc_interval = 30 net.ipv6.route.gc_elasticity = 0 net.ipv6.route.mtu_expires = 600 net.ipv6.route.min_adv_mss = 1 net.ipv6.route.gc_min_interval_ms = 500 net.ipv6.icmp.ratelimit = 1000 net.ipv6.bindv6only = 0 net.ipv6.ip6frag_secret_interval = 600 net.ipv6.mld_max_msf = 64 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-filter-vlan-tagged = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-filter-pppoe-tagged = 1 net.unix.max_dgram_qlen = 10 net.core.wmem_max = 131071 net.core.rmem_max = 131071 net.core.wmem_default = 112640 net.core.rmem_default = 112640 net.core.dev_weight = 64 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 1000 net.core.message_cost = 5 net.core.message_burst = 10 net.core.optmem_max = 10240 net.core.xfrm_aevent_etime = 10 net.core.xfrm_aevent_rseqth = 2 net.core.xfrm_larval_drop = 0 net.core.xfrm_acq_expires = 30 net.core.netdev_budget = 300 net.core.warnings = 1 net.core.somaxconn = 128 crypto.fips_enabled = 0 sunrpc.rpc_debug = 0 sunrpc.nfs_debug = 0 sunrpc.nfsd_debug = 0 sunrpc.nlm_debug = 0 sunrpc.transports = tcp 1048576 sunrpc.transports = udp 32768 sunrpc.udp_slot_table_entries = 16 sunrpc.tcp_slot_table_entries = 16 sunrpc.min_resvport = 665 sunrpc.max_resvport = 1023 [root@fedora ~]#

[root@fedora ~]#

 

Help using lshw on Linux Fedora

 

   Get help using lshw command on command line.  The example below show the output of lshw help file, the command lshw --help that execute on command line (shell) give you the output on simple help file on using lshw command.

 

lshw --help command example:

[root@fedora10 ~]# lshw --help

Hardware Lister (lshw) - B.02.13

usage: lshw [-format] [-options ...]

       lshw -version

 

        -version        print program version (B.02.13)

 

format can be

        -html           output hardware tree as HTML

        -xml            output hardware tree as XML

        -short          output hardware paths

        -businfo        output bus information

 

options can be

        -class CLASS    only show a certain class of hardware

        -C CLASS        same as '-class CLASS'

        -c CLASS        same as '-class CLASS'

        -disable TEST   disable a test (like pci, isapnp, cpuid, etc. )

        -enable TEST    enable a test (like pci, isapnp, cpuid, etc. )

        -quiet          don't display status

        -sanitize       sanitize output (remove sensitive information like serial numbers, etc.)

        -numeric        output numeric IDs (for PCI, USB, etc.)

 

[root@fedora10 ~]#

 

Step by step Install lshw using yum install Command on Linux Fedora 10

 

   The article below show the step by step install lshw using yum command on Linux Fedora 10.  The lshw command cam be use to view list of hardware on Linux Fedora machine.  The step by step below only focus on how to install lshw and the example below show how it done on Linux Fedora 10.

 

Install lshw on Fedora 10:

[root@fedora10 ~]# yum install '*lshw*'

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit

Setting up Install Process

Parsing package install arguments

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package lshw.i386 0:B.02.13-3.fc10 set to be updated

---> Package lshw-gui.i386 0:B.02.13-3.fc10 set to be updated

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

 

Dependencies Resolved

 

================================================================================

 Package           Arch          Version                  Repository       Size

================================================================================

Installing:

 lshw              i386          B.02.13-3.fc10           fedora          1.2 M

 lshw-gui          i386          B.02.13-3.fc10           fedora          415 k

 

Transaction Summary

================================================================================

Install      2 Package(s)

Update       0 Package(s)

Remove       0 Package(s)

 

Total download size: 1.6 M

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Downloading Packages:

(1/2): lshw-gui-B.02.13-3.fc10.i386.rpm                  | 415 kB     01:16

(2/2): lshw-B.02.13-3.fc10.i386.rpm                      | 1.2 MB     04:46

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total                                           4.5 kB/s | 1.6 MB     06:05

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Finished Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

  Installing     : lshw                                                     1/2

  Installing     : lshw-gui                                                 2/2

 

Installed:

  lshw.i386 0:B.02.13-3.fc10           lshw-gui.i386 0:B.02.13-3.fc10

 

Complete!

[root@fedora10 ~]#

 

Show Julian date calendar using cal command on Linux Fedora 9

 

   The step by step Linux basic command below show how to use the cal command to display Julian dates.  The cal command example below start with an example to show Julian dates calendar for current month and Julian dates for the hole year.  You can also specify year that you wish to display the Julian dates (Display whole year Julian dates) as show on example below.

 

Show Julian dates for month of February 2009 using cal command:

[root@fedora ~]# cal -j

       February 2009

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

 32  33  34  35  36  37  38

 39  40  41  42  43  44  45

 46  47  48  49  50  51  52

 53  54  55  56  57  58  59

 

 

[root@fedora ~]#

 

Show 2009 year calendar using Julian dates using cal command:

[root@fedora ~]# cal -jy

                           2009

 

          January                       February

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat   Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

                  1   2   3    32  33  34  35  36  37  38

  4   5   6   7   8   9  10    39  40  41  42  43  44  45

 11  12  13  14  15  16  17    46  47  48  49  50  51  52

 18  19  20  21  22  23  24    53  54  55  56  57  58  59

 25  26  27  28  29  30  31

 

           March                         April

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat   Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

 60  61  62  63  64  65  66                91  92  93  94

 67  68  69  70  71  72  73    95  96  97  98  99 100 101

 74  75  76  77  78  79  80   102 103 104 105 106 107 108

 81  82  83  84  85  86  87   109 110 111 112 113 114 115

 88  89  90                   116 117 118 119 120

 

            May                           June

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat   Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

                    121 122       152 153 154 155 156 157

123 124 125 126 127 128 129   158 159 160 161 162 163 164

130 131 132 133 134 135 136   165 166 167 168 169 170 171

137 138 139 140 141 142 143   172 173 174 175 176 177 178

144 145 146 147 148 149 150   179 180 181

151

            July                         August

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat   Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

            182 183 184 185                           213

186 187 188 189 190 191 192   214 215 216 217 218 219 220

193 194 195 196 197 198 199   221 222 223 224 225 226 227

200 201 202 203 204 205 206   228 229 230 231 232 233 234

207 208 209 210 211 212       235 236 237 238 239 240 241

                              242 243

         September                      October

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat   Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

        244 245 246 247 248                   274 275 276

249 250 251 252 253 254 255   277 278 279 280 281 282 283

256 257 258 259 260 261 262   284 285 286 287 288 289 290

263 264 265 266 267 268 269   291 292 293 294 295 296 297

270 271 272 273               298 299 300 301 302 303 304

 

          November                      December

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat   Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

305 306 307 308 309 310 311           335 336 337 338 339

312 313 314 315 316 317 318   340 341 342 343 344 345 346

319 320 321 322 323 324 325   347 348 349 350 351 352 353

326 327 328 329 330 331 332   354 355 356 357 358 359 360

333 334                       361 362 363 364 365

 

 

[root@fedora ~]#

 

Show selected year using Julian dates using cal command:

[root@fedora ~]# cal -j 1969

                           1969

 

          January                       February

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat   Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

              1   2   3   4                            32

  5   6   7   8   9  10  11    33  34  35  36  37  38  39

 12  13  14  15  16  17  18    40  41  42  43  44  45  46

 19  20  21  22  23  24  25    47  48  49  50  51  52  53

 26  27  28  29  30  31        54  55  56  57  58  59

 

           March                         April

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat   Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

                         60            91  92  93  94  95

 61  62  63  64  65  66  67    96  97  98  99 100 101 102

 68  69  70  71  72  73  74   103 104 105 106 107 108 109

 75  76  77  78  79  80  81   110 111 112 113 114 115 116

 82  83  84  85  86  87  88   117 118 119 120

 89  90

            May                           June

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat   Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

                121 122 123   152 153 154 155 156 157 158

124 125 126 127 128 129 130   159 160 161 162 163 164 165

131 132 133 134 135 136 137   166 167 168 169 170 171 172

138 139 140 141 142 143 144   173 174 175 176 177 178 179

145 146 147 148 149 150 151   180 181

 

            July                         August

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat   Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

        182 183 184 185 186                       213 214

187 188 189 190 191 192 193   215 216 217 218 219 220 221

194 195 196 197 198 199 200   222 223 224 225 226 227 228

201 202 203 204 205 206 207   229 230 231 232 233 234 235

208 209 210 211 212           236 237 238 239 240 241 242

                              243

         September                      October

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat   Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

    244 245 246 247 248 249               274 275 276 277

250 251 252 253 254 255 256   278 279 280 281 282 283 284

257 258 259 260 261 262 263   285 286 287 288 289 290 291

264 265 266 267 268 269 270   292 293 294 295 296 297 298

271 272 273                   299 300 301 302 303 304

 

          November                      December

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat   Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

                        305       335 336 337 338 339 340

306 307 308 309 310 311 312   341 342 343 344 345 346 347

313 314 315 316 317 318 319   348 349 350 351 352 353 354

320 321 322 323 324 325 326   355 356 357 358 359 360 361

327 328 329 330 331 332 333   362 363 364 365

334

 

[root@fedora ~]#

 

Display Year Calendar Using cal Command on Linux Fedora

 

   The Linux cal command example below show the execution of cal command to display year calendar.  The cal command example below show how to display current year calendar and use the cal command to display specific year calendar that you specify on cal command.

 

Show calendar for entire year, show current year calendar

[root@fedora ~]# cal -y

                               2009

 

       January               February                 March

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

             1  2  3    1  2  3  4  5  6  7    1  2  3  4  5  6  7

 4  5  6  7  8  9 10    8  9 10 11 12 13 14    8  9 10 11 12 13 14

11 12 13 14 15 16 17   15 16 17 18 19 20 21   15 16 17 18 19 20 21

18 19 20 21 22 23 24   22 23 24 25 26 27 28   22 23 24 25 26 27 28

25 26 27 28 29 30 31                          29 30 31

 

        April                   May                   June

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

          1  2  3  4                   1  2       1  2  3  4  5  6

 5  6  7  8  9 10 11    3  4  5  6  7  8  9    7  8  9 10 11 12 13

12 13 14 15 16 17 18   10 11 12 13 14 15 16   14 15 16 17 18 19 20

19 20 21 22 23 24 25   17 18 19 20 21 22 23   21 22 23 24 25 26 27

26 27 28 29 30         24 25 26 27 28 29 30   28 29 30

                       31

        July                  August                September

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

          1  2  3  4                      1          1  2  3  4  5

 5  6  7  8  9 10 11    2  3  4  5  6  7  8    6  7  8  9 10 11 12

12 13 14 15 16 17 18    9 10 11 12 13 14 15   13 14 15 16 17 18 19

19 20 21 22 23 24 25   16 17 18 19 20 21 22   20 21 22 23 24 25 26

26 27 28 29 30 31      23 24 25 26 27 28 29   27 28 29 30

                       30 31

       October               November               December

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

             1  2  3    1  2  3  4  5  6  7          1  2  3  4  5

 4  5  6  7  8  9 10    8  9 10 11 12 13 14    6  7  8  9 10 11 12

11 12 13 14 15 16 17   15 16 17 18 19 20 21   13 14 15 16 17 18 19

18 19 20 21 22 23 24   22 23 24 25 26 27 28   20 21 22 23 24 25 26

25 26 27 28 29 30 31   29 30                  27 28 29 30 31

 

 

[root@fedora ~]#

 

Show calendar for specify year:

Show calendar for year 1969 (Summer of 69)

[root@fedora ~]# cal 1969

                               1969

 

       January               February                 March

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

          1  2  3  4                      1                      1

 5  6  7  8  9 10 11    2  3  4  5  6  7  8    2  3  4  5  6  7  8

12 13 14 15 16 17 18    9 10 11 12 13 14 15    9 10 11 12 13 14 15

19 20 21 22 23 24 25   16 17 18 19 20 21 22   16 17 18 19 20 21 22

26 27 28 29 30 31      23 24 25 26 27 28      23 24 25 26 27 28 29

                                              30 31

        April                   May                   June

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

       1  2  3  4  5                1  2  3    1  2  3  4  5  6  7

 6  7  8  9 10 11 12    4  5  6  7  8  9 10    8  9 10 11 12 13 14

13 14 15 16 17 18 19   11 12 13 14 15 16 17   15 16 17 18 19 20 21

20 21 22 23 24 25 26   18 19 20 21 22 23 24   22 23 24 25 26 27 28

27 28 29 30            25 26 27 28 29 30 31   29 30

 

        July                  August                September

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

       1  2  3  4  5                   1  2       1  2  3  4  5  6

 6  7  8  9 10 11 12    3  4  5  6  7  8  9    7  8  9 10 11 12 13

13 14 15 16 17 18 19   10 11 12 13 14 15 16   14 15 16 17 18 19 20

20 21 22 23 24 25 26   17 18 19 20 21 22 23   21 22 23 24 25 26 27

27 28 29 30 31         24 25 26 27 28 29 30   28 29 30

                       31

       October               November               December

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa   Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

          1  2  3  4                      1       1  2  3  4  5  6

 5  6  7  8  9 10 11    2  3  4  5  6  7  8    7  8  9 10 11 12 13

12 13 14 15 16 17 18    9 10 11 12 13 14 15   14 15 16 17 18 19 20

19 20 21 22 23 24 25   16 17 18 19 20 21 22   21 22 23 24 25 26 27

26 27 28 29 30 31      23 24 25 26 27 28 29   28 29 30 31

                       30

 

[root@fedora ~]#

 

Show Calendar on Linux Fedora 9 using cal Command

 

   The step by step Linux command example below, use the cal command to display calendar using command line on Linux Fedora.   To show calendar on Linux fedora command line terminal, execute cal command as show on example below... The example below also show how to display calendar for the specific month that we specify with cal command.

 

 

Show calendar for current month

Show calendar for current month. using cal command.

[root@fedora ~]# cal

   February 2009

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

 1  2  3  4  5  6  7

 8  9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

 

 

[root@fedora ~]#

 

Show calendar for specify month

Example below show calendar for month of January (1 2009):

[root@fedora ~]# cal 1 2009

    January 2009

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

             1  2  3

 4  5  6  7  8  9 10

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29 30 31

 

[root@fedora ~]#

 

Example below show calendar for month of February (2):

[root@fedora ~]# cal 2 2009

   February 2009

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

 1  2  3  4  5  6  7

 8  9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

 

 

[root@fedora ~]#

 

Show Service Start on runlevel 0 to runlevel 6 using chkconfig Command on Fedora 9

 

   The chkconfig command can be use to show list of service that automatically start or turn off on every runlevel on Linux Fedora system.  The chkconfig command example below execute on Linux Fedora 9 to show the list of service that automatically start and turn off during start up of Fedora 9 system.

 

Show runlevel configuration for all services:

[root@fedora ~]# chkconfig --list

NetworkManager  0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:off   6:off

acpid           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

anacron         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

atd             0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:off   6:off

auditd          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

avahi-daemon    0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:off   6:off

backuppc        0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

bluetooth       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

boa             0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

btseed          0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

bttrack         0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

capi            0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

cpuspeed        0:off   1:on    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

crond           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

cups            0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

dc_client       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

dc_server       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

dnsmasq         0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

dovecot         0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

dund            0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

firstboot       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

fuse            0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:off   6:off

gpm             0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:off   6:off

haldaemon       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

httpd           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:off   5:off   6:off

innd            0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

ip6tables       0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:off   6:off

iptables        0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

irda            0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

irqbalance      0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

iscsi           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

iscsid          0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

isdn            0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

jetty           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

kerneloops      0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:off   6:off

lighttpd        0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

lm_sensors      0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

mdmonitor       0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

messagebus      0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

microcode_ctl   0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

multipathd      0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

named           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

netconsole      0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

netfs           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:off   6:off

netplugd        0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

network         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

nfs             0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

nfslock         0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:off   6:off

nmb             0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

nscd            0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

ntpd            0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

ntpdate         0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

openct          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:off   6:off

openvpn         0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

pand            0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

pcscd           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

postgresql      0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

pound           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

psacct          0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

racoon          0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

rdisc           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

restorecond     0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:off   6:off

rpcbind         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

rpcgssd         0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

rpcidmapd       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

rpcsvcgssd      0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

rsyslog         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

saslauthd       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

sendmail        0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:off   6:off

setroubleshoot  0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

smartd          0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

smb             0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

smolt           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

snmpd           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

snmptrapd       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

spamassassin    0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

squid           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

sshd            0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

tclhttpd        0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

thttpd          0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

tomcat5         0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

udev-post       0:off   1:on    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

vdr             0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

vdradmind       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

vmware-tools    0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:off   5:on    6:off

vncserver       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

vsftpd          0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

winbind         0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

wpa_supplicant  0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

ypbind          0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off

[root@fedora ~]#

 

To show runlevel configuration for specific cervices, execute the chkconfig command as show on example below... Please note that, chkconfig command example below is execute to show the runlevel configuration for NetworkManager service

[root@fedora ~]# chkconfig --list NetworkManager

NetworkManager  0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:off   6:off

[root@fedora ~]#